Emva kwe-COVID-19, urhwebo lwehlabathi lwenze olona tshintsho lukhulu.I-World Trade Organisation (WTO) isebenza nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhwebo luqala kwakhona ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi kwibala lempahla.Uphononongo lwakutsha nje kwi-2023 Uphononongo lwe-World Trade Statistics kunye nedatha evela kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNComtrade) lubonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezinomdla kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi kwimimandla yeempahla kunye nempahla, ephenjelelwa kukwanda koxinzelelo lwe-geopolitical kunye notshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo. kunye neTshayina.
Uphando lwangaphandle lufumene ukuba kukho iindlela ezine ezahlukileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi.Okokuqala, emva kwesiphithiphithi sokuthenga esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili kunye nokukhula okubukhali kwe-20% ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kuye kwafumana ukwehla ngo-2022. Oku kunokubalelwa kukudodobala koqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu kwiimarike ezinkulu zempahla eMelika kunye neNtshona Yurophu.Ukongeza, ukuncitshiswa kwemfuno yezinto eziyimfuneko zokwenziwa kweSixhobo soKhuseleko soMntu (i-PPE) kukhokelele ekunciphiseni kwe-4.2% yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngo-2022, ifikelele kwi-339 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Eli nani lisezantsi kakhulu kunamanye amashishini.
Imeko yesibini yeyokuba nangona i-China ihlala ingumthengisi omkhulu wempahla kwihlabathi ngo-2022, njengoko isabelo semarike siqhubeka nokuhla, abanye abathengisi bempahla exabiso eliphantsi baseAsia bathatha indawo.I-Bangladesh iyodlula iVietnam yaze yaba lilizwe lesibini ngobukhulu kumazwe angaphandle kwempahla.Ngo-2022, isabelo semarike yase-China ekuthengisweni kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwehle ukuya kutsho kuma-31.7%, eyona ndawo iphantsi kwimbali yamva nje.Isabelo sayo semarike eUnited States, iManyano yaseYurophu, eCanada, naseJapan sehlile.Ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-United States bubuye baba yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela imarike yokurhweba ngempahla yehlabathi.
Imeko yesithathu kukuba amazwe e-EU kunye ne-United States ahlala engamazwe aphambili kwimarike yempahla, ethatha i-25.1% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelaphu yehlabathi ngo-2022, ukusuka kwi-24.5% ngo-2021 kunye ne-23.2% ngo-2020. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-United States' ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunyuke nge-5%, elona zinga liphezulu lokukhula phakathi kwamazwe ali-10 aphezulu ehlabathini.Nangona kunjalo, amazwe asaphuhlayo anengeniso ephakathi akhula ngokuthe ngcembe, i-China, iVietnam, iTürkiye ne-Indiya ithatha i-56.8% yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokwandiswa kwengqwalasela ekuthengeni i-offshore, ngakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona, imodeli yorhwebo lwamalaphu kunye nempahla yengingqi iye yadityaniswa ngakumbi ngo-2022, yaba yimodeli yesine evelayo.Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, phantse ama-20.8% eempahla ezilukiweyo ezisuka kula mazwe zisuka ngaphakathi kulo mmandla, ukunyuka ukusuka kuma-20.1% kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Uphando lufumene ukuba ayingomazwe aseNtshona kuphela, kodwa kunye noPhononongo luka-2023 lweeNkcukacha zoRhwebo lweHlabathi lubonakalise ukuba namazwe aseAsia ngoku ayahlula-hlula imithombo yawo yokungenisa elizweni kwaye anciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwiimveliso zaseTshayina ukunciphisa imingcipheko yokubonelela, konke oku kuya kukhokelela Ukwandiswa okungcono.Ngenxa yemfuno engalindelekanga yabathengi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo achaphazela urhwebo lwehlabathi kunye neshishini lamazwe ngamazwe lelaphu kunye nempahla, ishishini lefashoni liyivile ngokupheleleyo imiphumo yobhubhane.
UMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo kunye neminye imibutho yehlabathi izichaza ngokutsha kumanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe, elubala olungcono, kunye namathuba entsebenziswano yehlabathi kunye nohlaziyo, njengoko amanye amazwe amancinane ejoyina kwaye ekhuphisana nawona mazwe makhulu kwicandelo lezorhwebo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-05-2023