Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe mibini yeengxoxo, iPalamente yaseYurophu ivume ngokusemthethweni i-EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism (CBAM) emva kokuvota.Oku kuthetha ukuba irhafu yokuqala yokungeniswa kwekhabhoni yehlabathi sele iza kuphunyezwa, kwaye umthetho oyilwayo we-CBAM uza kuqala ukusebenza ngo-2026.
I-China izakujongana nomjikelo omtsha wokhuselo lorhwebo
Phantsi kwempembelelo yengxaki yemali yehlabathi, umjikelo omtsha wokhuselo lorhwebo uye wavela, kwaye i-China, njengelona lizwe lithumela impahla ngaphandle elizweni likhulu, iye yachaphazeleka ngokunzulu.
Ukuba amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika aboleka imiba yemozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwaye abeke "iintlawulo zekhabhoni", iChina iya kujongana nomjikelo omtsha wokukhusela urhwebo.Ngenxa yokunqongophala komgangatho odibeneyo wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kumazwe ngamazwe, xa amazwe anje ngeYurophu kunye neMelika ebeka "iirhafu zekhabhoni" kwaye aphumeze imigangatho yekhabhoni enomdla wabo, amanye amazwe anokuthi abeke "iirhafu zekhabhoni" ngokwemigangatho yazo, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo eya kubangela imfazwe yorhwebo.
Iimveliso zaseTshayina ezithumela ngaphandle amandla aphezulu ziya kuba ngumxholo “wemirhumo yekhabhoni”
Okwangoku, amazwe aceba ukunyanzelisa "iirhafu zekhabhoni" ikakhulu ngamazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu neMelika, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwe-China ukuya eYurophu naseMelika akukona nje ubuninzi bobuninzi, kodwa kugxininise kwiimveliso ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu.
Ngo-2008, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China e-United States kunye ne-European Union yayizimveliso zoomatshini kunye nezombane, ifanitshala, iithoyi, amalaphu, kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-225.45 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunye ne-243.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngokulandelanayo, i-66.8% kunye ne-67.3% ye IChina iyonke yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle eMelika nakwiManyano yaseYurophu.
Ezi mveliso zokuthumela ngaphandle zidla kakhulu amandla aphezulu, umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni, kunye neemveliso eziphantsi kwexabiso elongeziweyo, ezixhomekeke ngokulula "kwiintlawulo zekhabhoni".Ngokwengxelo yophando evela kwiBhanki yehlabathi, ukuba "irhafu yekhabhoni" iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuveliswa kweTshayina kunokujongana nomyinge werhafu ye-26% kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, okukhokelela ekunyuseni kweendleko zamashishini ajolise kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuhla kwe-21%. kumthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngaba imirhumo yekhabhoni inefuthe kushishino lwamalaphu?
Iintlawulo zeCarbon zigubungela ukuthengiswa ngaphandle kwentsimbi, ialuminiyam, isamente, izichumisi, umbane, kunye nehydrogen, kwaye impembelelo yazo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ayinakwenziwa ngokubanzi.Ushishino lwamalaphu aluchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngamaxabiso ekhabhoni.
Ke ngaba iintlawulo zekhabhoni ziya kunabela kwizinto ezilukiweyo kwixesha elizayo?
Oku kufuneka kujongwe ngokwembono yomgaqo-nkqubo weentlawulo zekhabhoni.Isizathu sokuphumeza imirhumo yekhabhoni kwiManyano yaseYurophu kukuthintela “ukuvuza kwekhabhoni” – kubhekiswa kwiinkampani ze-EU ezithumela imveliso kumazwe anemilinganiselo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekhululekileyo ngokwentelekiso (okt ukufuduswa kwamashishini) ukuze kuthintelwe iindleko eziphezulu zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwe-EU.Ngoko ke ngokomgaqo, iintlawulo zekhabhoni zijolise kuphela kumashishini anomngcipheko "wokuvuza kwekhabhoni", oko kukuthi "amandla amakhulu kunye norhwebo oluveziweyo (EITE)".
Ngokubhekiselele kumashishini asemngciphekweni "wokuvuza kwekhabhoni", iKomishoni yaseYurophu inoluhlu olusemthethweni olubandakanya imisebenzi yezoqoqosho okanye iimveliso ze-63 ngoku, kubandakanywa nezinto ezilandelayo ezinxulumene neempahla: "Ukulungiswa kunye nokujikeleza kwemicu ye-textile", "Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezingezona- amalaphu alukiweyo kunye neemveliso zawo, ngaphandle kwempahla yokunxiba”, “Ukwenziwa kweentsinga ezenziwe ngabantu”, kunye “nokugqiba ilaphu elilukiweyo”.
Ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nemizi-mveliso efana nentsimbi, isamente, iiseramikhi, kunye nokusulungekiswa kwe-oyile, i-textile ayiloshishini lokukhupha izinto eziphezulu.Nokuba umda weentlawulo zekhabhoni uyanda kwixesha elizayo, uya kuchaphazela kuphela iintsinga kunye namalaphu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ubekwe emva kwemizi-mveliso efana nokucocwa kweoli, iiseramikhi, kunye nokwenza iphepha.
Ubuncinci kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa kweentlawulo zekhabhoni, ishishini le-textile aliyi kuchaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo.Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelaphu akuzukudibana nemiqobo eluhlaza evela kwiManyano yaseYurophu.Amanyathelo awohlukeneyo aphuhliswayo yi-EU phantsi kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yomgaqo-nkqubo “yeSicwangciso sokuSebenza soQoqosho”, ngakumbi “iSicwangciso soBuchule esiZinzileyo nesiSetyhula seMilaphu eSetyhula”, kufuneka sinikwe ingqwalasela kushishino lwamalaphu.Ibonisa ukuba kwixesha elizayo, iingubo ezingena kwimarike ye-EU kufuneka ziwele "i-green threshold".
Ixesha lokuposa: May-16-2023