IManyano yaseYurophu yenye yeemakethi ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle kushishino lwaseTshayina lwamalaphu.Umyinge wempahla yaseTshayina ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nempahla ethunyelwa kwi-EU kulo lonke ishishini ifikelele kwincopho ye-21.6% ngo-2009, ukodlula i-United States ngesikali.Emva koko, umlinganiselo we-EU kwiimpahla zaseTshayina kunye neempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziye zancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, de yagqithiswa yi-ASEAN ngo-2021, kwaye inxalenye yehla yaya kwi-14.4% ngo-2022. IManyano yaseYurophu iqhubekile nokuhla.Ngokutsho kwedatha yenkcubeko yaseTshayina, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kwempahla kunye nempahla kwi-EU ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Aprili kwafikelela kwi-10.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ukuhla konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-20.5%, kunye nenani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwi-shishini lonke liye lehla ukuya kwi-11.5% .
I-UK yayikhe yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemarike ye-EU kwaye yagqiba ngokusemthethweni i-Brexit ekupheleni kuka-2020. Emva kwe-Brexit ye-Brexit, i-EU iyonke i-textile kunye nempahla yokuthengiswa kwempahla kuye kwancipha malunga ne-15%.Ngo-2022, iimpahla zaseTshayina ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye neempahla ezithunyelwa e-UK ziphelele kwi-7.63 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli ka-2023, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kunye nempahla yaseTshayina e-UK yafikelela kwi-1.82 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka nge-13.4%.
Ukusukela kulo nyaka, urhwebo lwamalaphu lwaseTshayina oluthumela kumazwe angaphandle kwi-EU kunye neMarike yeNgesi yehlile, nto leyo inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nentsingiselo yoqoqosho olukhulu kunye nepateni yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
Uhlalutyo lwemeko-bume yoSetyenziso
Izinga lenzala yemali liye laphakanyiswa amatyeli amaninzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba buthathaka kwezoqoqosho, okubangele ukukhula okulambathayo komvuzo womntu kunye nesiseko esingazinzanga sabathengi.
Ukususela kwi-2023, i-European Central Bank ikhulise inzala kathathu, kwaye inzala ye-benchmark inyuke ukusuka kwi-3% ukuya kwi-3.75%, iphezulu kakhulu kunomgaqo-nkqubo wezinga lenzala ye-Zero phakathi kwe-2022;IBhanki yaseNgilani iphinde ikhulise inzala kabini kulo nyaka, kunye nenqanaba lenzala eliye lanyuka ukuya kwi-4.5%, zombini zifikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu ukususela kwi-2008 yeengxaki zemali zamazwe ngamazwe.Ukunyuka kwenzala kwandisa iindleko zokuboleka, kuthintele ukubuyiswa kotyalo-mali kunye nokusetyenziswa, okukhokelela kubuthathaka bezoqoqosho kunye nokwehla kokukhula kwengeniso yomntu.Kwikota yokuqala ye-2023, i-GDP yaseJamani yehla nge-0.2% ngonyaka, ngelixa i-GDP yase-UK ne-France yanda kuphela nge-0.2% kunye ne-0.9% ngonyaka, ngokulandelanayo.Izinga lokukhula lehle nge-4.3, 10.4, kunye ne-3.6 yepesenti yamanqaku xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.Kwikota yokuqala, ingeniso elahlayo yemizi yaseJamani inyuke nge-4.7% ngonyaka, umvuzo obizwa ngokuba ngabasebenzi baseBritane unyuke nge-5.2% unyaka nonyaka, ukuncipha kwe-4 kunye ne-3.7 yeepesenti ngokuthelekisana ngokufanayo. ixesha lonyaka ophelileyo, kwaye amandla okuthenga awona makhaya aseFransi ehle nge-0.4% ngenyanga ngenyanga.Ukongeza, ngokwengxelo yekhonkco laseBritish Asadal supermarket, i-80% yengeniso elahlayo yemizi yaseBrithani yehla ngoMeyi, kwaye i-40% yamakhaya aseBrithani yawela kwimeko yengeniso embi.Eyona ngeniso ayanelanga ukuhlawula amatyala kunye nokutya izinto eziyimfuneko.
Ixabiso lilonke liphezulu, kwaye amaxabiso abathengi bempahla kunye neemveliso zempahla ziyaguquguquka kwaye zinyuka, zenza buthathaka amandla okuthenga.
Ukuchatshazelwa yimiba efana nokungabikho kwemali okugqithisileyo kunye nokunqongophala kokubonelela, amazwe aseYurophu ajongene noxinzelelo olumandla lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ukusukela ngo-2022. Nangona i-eurozone kunye ne-UK bezisoloko zinyusa izinga lenzala ukusukela ngo-2022 ukunqanda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, amazinga okunyuka kwamaxabiso e-EU nase-UK ane kutshanje behle ukusuka kwindawo yabo ephezulu ngaphezulu kwe-10% kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2022 ukuya kwi-7% ukuya kwi-9%, kodwa kusekude kakhulu ngaphezu kwenqanaba lesiqhelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso malunga ne-2%.Amaxabiso aphezulu anyuse kakhulu iNdleko yokuphila kwaye anqanda ukukhula kwemfuno yabathengi.Kwikota yokuqala ye-2023, ukusetyenziswa kokugqibela kwemizi yaseJamani kwehle nge-1% ngonyaka, ngelixa inkcitho yokusetyenziswa kwemizi yaseBrithani ayizange inyuke;Ukusetyenziswa kokugqibela kwemizi yaseFransi kwehle nge-0.1% ngenyanga ngenyanga, ngelixa ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa komntu emva kokungabandakanyi izinto zexabiso lehle nge-0.6% ngenyanga.
Ngokombono wamaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwempahla, iFransi, iJamani kunye ne-United Kingdom ayizange iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kodwa ibonise ukunyuka okunyukayo.Ngokuchasene nemeko yokukhula kwengeniso yekhaya ehlwempuzekileyo, amaxabiso aphezulu anempembelelo enkulu yokuthintela ekusetyenzisweni kwempahla.Kwikota yokuqala ye-2023, inkcitho yempahla yasendlini kunye neendleko zokusetyenziswa kwezihlangu eJamani yanda ngo-0.9% ngonyaka, ngelixa eFransi nase-UK, inkcitho yempahla yendlu kunye nezicathulo zehla ngo-0.4% kunye ne-3.8% ngonyaka. , kunye namazinga okukhula awela nge-48.4, 6.2, kunye neepesenti ze-27.4 ngokulandelanayo xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.Ngo-Matshi 2023, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ezinxulumene nempahla eFransi kwehle nge-0.1% ngonyaka, ngelixa ngo-Ephreli, ukuthengiswa kweentengiso zeemveliso ezinxulumene nempahla eJamani kwehle nge-8.7% ngonyaka;Kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala, ukuthengiswa kweentengiso zeemveliso ezinxulumene nempahla e-UK yenyuka ngo-13.4% unyaka nonyaka, iyancipha ngeepesenti ze-45,3 xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.Ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso akubandakanyiweyo, intengiso yokuthengisa ngokwenene ikhula zero.
Uhlalutyo lwemeko yokungeniswa
Okwangoku, umthamo wokungeniswa kwempahla kunye nempahla ngaphakathi kwe-EU unyukile, ngelixa ukuthengiswa ngaphandle kwehlile.
Umthamo wemarike yokusetyenziswa kwempahla ye-EU kunye neemveliso zempahla zikhulu kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe unikezelo oluzimeleyo lwe-EU kwizinto ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla, ukuthengwa kwempahla yangaphandle yindlela ebalulekileyo ye-EU ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.Ngo-1999, umlinganiselo wokungeniswa ngaphandle kwempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle kwi-EU iyonke yayingaphantsi kwesiqingatha, kuphela i-41.8%.Ukususela ngoko, umlinganiselo uye wanda unyaka nonyaka, udlula i-50% ukususela kwi-2010, ide ibuyele ngaphantsi kwe-50% kwakhona kwi-2021. Ukususela kwi-2016, i-EU iye yangenisa ngaphezu kwe-100 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni zeempahla kunye neengubo ezivela ngaphandle minyaka yonke. ngexabiso lokungenisa elizweni le-153.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022.
Ukusukela ngo-2023, imfuno yeempahla ezilahliweyo kunye neengubo ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU ziye zancipha, ngelixa urhwebo lwangaphakathi luye lwagcina ukukhula.Kwikota yokuqala, isimbuku se-33 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika zithengwe ngaphandle, ukwehla konyaka-nyaka nge-7.9%, kwaye umlinganiselo wehlile waya kuma-46.8%;Ixabiso lempahla elukiweyo kunye nempahla ngaphakathi kwe-EU yayingama-37.5 eebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, ukunyuka nge-6.9% unyaka nonyaka.Ngokwelizwe ngokwembono yelizwe, kwikota yokuqala, iJamani kunye neFransi zathenga iimpahla ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla ephuma ngaphakathi kwe-EU zonyuka nge-3.7% kunye ne-10.3% ngokulandelelanayo unyaka nonyaka, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwempahla kunye nempahla evela ngaphandle kwe-EU kwehle nge-0.3 I-% kunye ne-9.9% ngokulandelelanayo unyaka nonyaka.
Ukwehla kokungeniswa kwempahla olulaphu kunye nempahla evela kwiManyano yaseYurophu e-UK kuncinci kakhulu kunokuthengwa ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Ukungeniswa kwelaphu laseBritani kwempahla kunye nempahla kurhwebo ikakhulu nangaphandle kwe-EU.Kwi-2022, i-UK ingenise i-27.61 yeebhiliyoni zeeponti zeempahla kunye nempahla, apho kuphela i-32% yayingeniswa kwi-EU, kwaye i-68% yayingeniswa ngaphandle kwe-EU, iphantsi kancinci kunencopho ye-70.5% ngo-2010. idatha, i-Brexit ayizange ibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwintengiso yempahla kunye nempahla phakathi kwe-UK kunye ne-EU.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli 2023, i-UK ingenise i-7.16 yeebhiliyoni zeeponti zeempahla kunye nempahla, apho isixa sempahla kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU yehla nge-4.7% ngonyaka, isixa sempahla kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. ngaphandle kwe-EU yehle nge-14.5% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye umyinge wempahla ephuma ngaphandle kwe-EU nayo yehla nge-3.8 yeepesenti unyaka nonyaka ukuya kuma-63.5%.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umlinganiselo we-China kwi-EU kunye ne-UK kwiimarike zempahla yangaphandle kunye nempahla iye yancipha unyaka nonyaka.
Phambi kuka-2020, umlinganiselo we-China kwimarike ye-EU yamalaphu kunye nempahla yokungenisa impahla ifikelele kwincopho ye-42.5% ngo-2010, kwaye ukusukela oko yehla unyaka nonyaka, yehla ukuya kwi-31.1% ngo-2019. iimaski zeManyano yaseYurophu, iimpahla ezikhuselayo kunye nezinye iimveliso.Ukungeniswa elizweni okukhulu kwezixhobo zokuthintela ubhubhane kunyuse isabelo seTshayina kwimakethi ye-EU yamalaphu kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle iye phezulu ukuya kuma-42.7%.Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoko, njengoko imfuno yezixhobo zokuthintela ubhubhane iye yehla ukusuka kwincopho yayo, kwaye imeko yezorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe iye isiya isiba nzima ngakumbi, isabelo sentengiso yeempahla kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yiTshayina kwiManyano yaseYurophu ibuyele kwindlela esezantsi, ifikelela kwintengiso. I-32.3% ngo-2022. Ngelixa isabelo semakethi sase-China sehlile, isabelo semarike kumazwe amathathu akuMzantsi Asia afana ne-Bangladesh, i-Indiya, ne-Pakistan sinyuke kakhulu.Ngo-2010, iimveliso zelaphu kunye neempahla zamazwe amathathu aseMzantsi Asia zibalelwa kwi-18.5% kuphela ye-EU market market, kwaye lo mlinganiso unyuke waya kwi-26.7% ngo-2022.
Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-“Xinjiang Related Act” e-United States, imeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle yoshishino lwamalaphu e-China iye yantsonkotha kwaye yaqatha.NgoSeptemba 2022, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yadlulisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Forced Labor Ban" idrafti, iphakamisa ukuba i-EU ithathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezenziwe ngokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi kwiimarike ze-EU.Nangona i-EU ingekabhengezi inkqubela kunye nomhla osebenzayo wedrafti, abathengi abaninzi baye bahlengahlengisa kwaye banciphisa isikali sabo sokungenisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuphepha umngcipheko, ngokungangqalanga ukukhuthaza amashishini amalaphu aseTshayina ukuba anyuse umthamo wemveliso yaphesheya, echaphazela isikali esithe ngqo sokuthumela ngaphandle kwempahla yaseTshayina kwaye impahla.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli ka-2023, isabelo semarike yaseTshayina kwimpahla yangaphandle kunye nempahla evela kwi-European Union yayiyi-26.9% kuphela, ukuhla kwepesenti ye-4.1 yamanqaku xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kunye nenani lilonke lamazwe amathathu aseMzantsi Asia adlula ipesenti ye-2.3. amanqaku.Ngokwembono yelizwe, isabelo seTshayina kwiimarike ezirhwebayo kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle eFransi naseJamani, amazwe angamalungu aphambili eManyano yaseYurophu, sehlile, kwaye isabelo sawo kwimarike yokungenisa elizweni yase-UK nayo ibonise umkhwa ofanayo.Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Aprili 2023, umlinganiselo weempahla kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yi-China kwiimarike zokungenisa eFransi, eJamani, nase-UK yayiyi-27.5%, 23.5%, kunye ne-26.6%, ngokulandelanayo, ukuhla kwe-4.6, 4.6, kunye ne-4.1 yepesenti. amanqaku xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-17-2023