I-S.Aishwariya ixoxa ngokutsiba kwezinto ezilukiweyo zobugcisa, izinto ezintsha ezitsha kunye nokwandisa amandla abo okuthengisa kwicandelo lefashoni kunye nempahla.
Uhambo lweeFayibha zeTela
1. Imicu yelaphu yesizukulwana sokuqala yayizezo zathengwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindalo kwaye elo xesha lathatha iminyaka engama-4,000.Isizukulwana sesibini sasinemicu eyenziwe ngabantu efana nenayiloni kunye nepolyester, eyaba sisiphumo semigudu ethathwe ngamachiza ngo-1950, ukuguquka kunye nezinto ezifana nemicu yendalo.Isizukulwana sesithathu sibandakanya iintsinga ezivela kwimithombo yendalo engasetyenziswanga ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi abasoloko bekhula.Ezi ayizondlela nje ezizezinye okanye ukongeza kwiintsinga zendalo ezikhoyo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezinokunceda kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.Njengesiphumo sotshintsho kushishino lwamalaphu, icandelo lempahla yobugcisa liyakhula kuqoqosho oluphuhlileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
2. Ngethuba leminyaka yoshishino ukusuka kwi-1775 ukuya kwi-1850, ukutsalwa kwefayibha yendalo kunye nokuveliswa kwakuphezulu.Ithuba eliphakathi ko-1870 no-1980 laphawula uphononongo lwefayibha eyenziweyo ekugqibeleni apho igama elithi 'amalaphu obugcisa' lathi layilwa.Emva kweshumi leminyaka, izinto ezintsha ezintsha, ezibandakanya izinto eziguquguqukayo, izakhiwo ezinobunzima obugqithisileyo, ukubumba kwe-3D, kwavela kwibala lelaphu elibukhali.Inkulungwane yamashumi amabini ibonisa ixesha lolwazi apho iisuti zendawo, iirobhothi, iingubo zokuzicoca, i-electroluminescence panel, i-chameleonic textiles, izambatho zokubeka iliso zomzimba ziphumelele ngokurhweba.
3. Iipholima ze-Synthetic zinamandla amakhulu kunye nokusebenza okuninzi okunokuthi kube ngaphezu kweentsinga zendalo.Ngokomzekelo, i-bio-polymers evela kumbona isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekudaleni iifayili eziphezulu ze-teknoloji kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nesicelo kwi-biodegradable ne-flushable diapers.Obo bugcisa buhambele phambili buye benza imicu enokubakho enyibilikayo emanzini, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukulahlwa kwimibhobho yogutyulo.Iipads ezivundisiweyo ziyilwe ukwenzela ukuba ezo zineepesenti ezili-100 zezinto zendalo ezinokonakala kwindalo kuzo.Olu phando ngokuqinisekileyo luphucule umgangatho wobomi.
Uphando lwangoku
Iimpahla ezilukiweyo eziqhelekileyo zilukiwe okanye zithungelwe izinto ezisetyenziswayo zisekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo.Ngokwahlukileyo, iingubo zobugcisa ziphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwizicelo zomsebenzisi.Izicelo zabo ziquka iisuti zasemajukujukwini, izintso nentliziyo eyenziweyo, iimpahla zokugxotha izitshabalalisi zamafama, ukwakhiwa kweendlela, iingxowa zokuthintela ukutyiwa kweziqhamo kwiintaka nezinto zokupakisha ezisebenza kakuhle ezithintela amanzi.
Amacandelo ahlukeneyo eendwangu zobugcisa aquka impahla, ukupakishwa, imidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa, izithuthi, ezonyango kunye nococeko, imizi-mveliso, engabonakaliyo, i-oeko-textiles, ikhaya, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhusela, ukwakha nokwakha, i-geo-textiles kunye ne-agro-textiles.
Ukuthelekisa iindlela zokusetyenziswa kunye nehlabathi liphela, i-Indiya inesabelo se-35 yeepesenti kwimpahla yokusetyenziswa kwiimpahla kunye nezihlangu (i-clothtech), i-21 yeepesenti kwiimpahla zokupakisha izicelo (i-packtech), kunye neepesenti ezisi-8 kwezemidlalo. impahla (sportech).Abanye babalelwa kwi-36 pesenti.Kodwa kwihlabathi jikelele icandelo elikhokelayo lilaphu elisetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo lweemoto, oololiwe, iinqanawa, iinqwelomoya kunye neenqwelomoya (i-mobiltech), eyi-25 pesenti yentengiso yempahla yobugcisa engaphezulu, ilandelwa ngamalaphu emizi-mveliso (indutech) ngeepesenti ezili-16 kunye ne-sporttech. kwi-15 leepesenti, kunye nawo onke amanye amasimi abandakanya i-44 pesenti.Iimveliso ezinokonyusa ishishini zibandakanya iiwebhubhu zamabhanti ezihlalo, idiapers kunye nezinto ezilahlwayo, i-geotextiles, amalaphu athintela umlilo, iimpahla ezikhuselayo ze-ballistic, izihlungi, i-non-wovens, i-hoardings kunye neempawu.
Awona mandla makhulu eIndiya luthungelwano olukhulu lwezixhobo kunye nemarike yasekhaya eyomeleleyo.Ishishini lamalaphu laseIndiya livukele kumandla amakhulu amacandelo obugcisa kunye nalawo angalukwanga.Inkxaso eyomeleleyo karhulumente ngemigaqo-nkqubo, ukwaziswa kwemithetho efanelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lovavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho ingenza impembelelo entle ekukhuleni kolu shishino.Eyona mfuneko yale yure yeyokuba abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngakumbi.Kufuneka kubekho izicwangciso ezingaphezulu zokuqeqesha abasebenzi kunye nokuqalisa amaziko okufukamela ukuze kwenziwe imifuniselo yelebhu ukuya kumhlaba.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo lemibutho yophando kweli lizwe lincomeka kakhulu.Baquka i-Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association (ATIRA), i-Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA), i-South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), i-Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA), i-Wool Research Association (WRA), i I-Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association (SASMIRA) kunye ne-Man-made Textile Research Association (MANTRA).Iipaki ezingamashumi amathathu anesithathu ezidityanisiweyo, ezibandakanya ezintlanu eTamil Nadu, ezine eAndhra Pradesh, ezintlanu eKarnataka, ezintandathu eMaharashtra, ezintandathu eGujarat, ezimbini eRajasthan, enye eUttar Pradesh naseWest Bengal, kufuneka zisebenze ngokubambisana ukuzisa. lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela phantsi kophahla olunye.4,5
Geo-Textiles
Iingubo ezisetyenziselwa ukugubungela umhlaba okanye umgangatho zihlelwa njenge-geotextiles.Ezo zilaphu zisetyenziswa namhlanje ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, iibhulorho, amadama kunye nezikhumbuzo ezandisa ubomi babo.[6]
Iilaphu ezipholileyo
Iindwangu zobugcisa eziphuhliswe ngu-Adidas zinceda ekugcineni ukushisa komzimba okuqhelekileyo kwi-37 degrees C. Imizekelo iilebula ezifana ne-Clima 365, i-Climaproof, i-Climalite ekhonza le njongo.I-Elextex iqulethe i-lamination ye-lamination ye-lamination emihlanu yokuqhuba kunye ne-insulating textiles eyenza i-sensor yelaphu lonke (1 cm2 okanye i-1 mm2).Iqinisekisiwe yiBureau of Indian Standards (BIS) kwaye inokuthungwa, isongwe kwaye ihlanjwe.Ezi zinomda omkhulu kumalaphu ezemidlalo.
I-Biomimetics
I-Biomimetics luyilo lwemathiriyeli yefayibha entsha, iinkqubo okanye oomatshini ngokufunda iinkqubo zokuphila, ukufunda kwiindlela zabo zokusebenza ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokusebenzisa ezo kuyilo lwemolekyuli kunye nemathiriyeli.Umzekelo, ukuxelisa indlela igqabi lelotus eliziphatha ngayo ngamathontsi amanzi;Umphezulu urhabaxa ngemicroscopic kwaye ugqunywe yi-wax efana ne-substance kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi.
Xa amanzi esiwa phezu kwegqabi, umoya ovalelweyo wenza umda onamanzi.I-engile yokudibana kwamanzi inkulu ngenxa ye-wax efana ne-substance.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezifana nokuthungwa komphezulu nazo zichaphazela ukugxotha.Ikhrayitheriya yokugxotha amanzi kukuba i-angle ejikelezayo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-10 degree.Lo mbono uthathwa kwaye wenziwa kwakhona njengelaphu.Izinto ezinokubakho zinokunciphisa umgudu kwimidlalo efana nokuqubha.
Vivometrics
Izinto zombane ezidityaniswe nelaphu ziyakwazi ukufunda iimeko zomzimba ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukutshiswa kweekhalori, ixesha lokuhamba, amanyathelo athathiweyo kunye namanqanaba eoksijini.Lo ngumbono emva kweVivometrics, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziingubo zokujonga umzimba (BMG).Inokusindisa ubomi bomntwana osandula ukuzalwa okanye bomdlali.
I-brand Life iyoyisile imarike kunye nevest yayo esebenzayo yokujonga umzimba.Isebenza njenge-ambulensi yelaphu ekuhlalutyeni nasekuguquleni uncedo.Uluhlu olubanzi lolwazi lwe-cardio-pulmonary luqokelelwa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo, ukuma, iirekhodi zomsebenzi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, i-oksijini kunye namanqanaba e-carbon dioxide, ukushisa komzimba kunye nokunyakaza.Isebenza njengento entsha enkulu kwibala lezemidlalo kunye neempahla zonyango.
I-Camouflage Textiles
Umbala wokutshintsha umbala we-chameleon ubonwa kwaye uphinda uphindwe kwakhona kwizinto ze-textile.Amalaphu e-camouflage asebenza ngokufihlwa kwezinto kunye nabantu ngokulinganisa indawo ezingqongileyo aqaliswa ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini.Obu buchule busebenzisa imicu enceda ekuxubeni ngasemva, into enokubonisa imvelaphi njengesipili kwaye yomelele njengekhabhoni.
Ezi fayibha zisetyenziswa kunye nomqhaphu kunye nepolyester ukwenza amalaphu afihlakeleyo.Ekuqaleni zimbini kuphela iipateni ezinombala kunye neepateni eziye zayilwa ukufana nomboniso wehlathi elishinyeneyo elinemithunzi eluhlaza namdaka.Kodwa ngoku, iinguqu ezisixhenxe ziyilwe ngokusebenza okungcono kunye nokukhohlisa.Ibandakanya izithuba, ukuhamba, umphezulu, imilo, ukukhanya, isithunzi kunye nesithunzi.Iiparamitha zibalulekile ekuboneni umntu ekude.Uvandlakanyo lwamalaphu e-camouflage lunzima njengoko lungafani nokukhanya kwelanga, ukufuma kunye nexesha lonyaka.Ke abantu abangaboniyo ngemibala bayaqeshwa ukuze babone izinto ezibonwayo.Uhlalutyo lwe-subjective, uhlalutyo lobungakanani kunye noncedo lwezixhobo ze-elektroniki zithathwa ukuvavanywa kwezixhobo.
Impahla yokuThuthwa kweziyobisi
Inkqubela phambili kwishishini lezempilo ngoku idibanisa amalaphu kunye namayeza.
Izinto ezilahliweyo zingasetyenziselwa ukomeleza ukusebenza kwamachiza ngokubonelela ngendlela yokulawulwa kokukhululwa kwamachiza ngexesha elizinzileyo kunye nokuhambisa ukuxinana okuphezulu kwamachiza kwiithishu ekujoliswe kuzo ngaphandle kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.Ngokomzekelo, i-Ortho Evra i-patch ye-transdermal contraceptive yabasetyhini i-20 cm ubude, iqulethwe ngamanqwanqwa amathathu kwaye ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration.
Ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi okanye iPlasma ekugqibeni ngelaphu
Umkhwa waqala ngo-1960, xa iplasma yayisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha umgangatho welaphu.Sisigaba semata eyahlukileyo kwizinto eziqinileyo, ulwelo kunye neegesi kwaye ayithathi hlangothi ngokombane.Ezi ziigesi ze-ionized ezenziwe ngee-electron, i-ion kunye namasuntswana angathathi hlangothi.I-Plasma yirhasi ene-ioned eyinxalenye eyenziwe ziintlobo ezingathathi hlangothi ezifana ne-athomu evuyayo, iiradicals zasimahla, amasuntswana azinzileyo kunye neentlobo ezihlawuliswayo (i-electron kunye nee-ion).Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeplasma: i-vacuum-based kunye ne-atmospheric pressure-based.Umphezulu welaphu uphantsi kwe-electron bombardment, eyenziwa kwintsimi yombane yeplasma.Ii-electron zibethe umphezulu ngokusasazwa okubanzi kwamandla kunye nesantya kwaye oku kukhokelela kwiseshini yekhonkco kumphezulu we-textile surface, ukudala ukudibanisa okunqamlezileyo ngoko komeleza izinto.
Unyango lwePlasma lukhokelela kwi-etching okanye isiphumo sokucoca kumphezulu welaphu.I-etching inyusa inani lendawo engaphezulu eyenza ukunamathela okungcono kweengubo.I-Plasma ichaphazela ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye ichaneke kakhulu kwindalo.Ingasetyenziswa kumalaphu esilika ebangela ukuba kungabikho tshintsho kwiimpawu zomzimba zojoliso.IiAramids ezifana neKevlar, eziphelelwa ngamandla xa zimanzi, zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngakumbi ngeplasma kuneendlela eziqhelekileyo.Omnye unokubonelela ngepropati eyahlukileyo kwicala ngalinye lelaphu.Elinye icala linokuba yi-hydrophobic kunye nelinye i-hydrophilic.Unyango lwe-Plasma lusebenzela zombini iintsinga ezenziweyo kunye nezendalo ngempumelelo ethile ekuchaseni ukurhabula kunye nokushwabana kokuxhathisa uboya.
Ngokungafaniyo nokucutshungulwa kweekhemikhali zendabuko ezifuna amanyathelo amaninzi okusebenzisa ukugqitywa okuhlukeneyo, i-plasma ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezininzi ezigqityiweyo kwisinyathelo esisodwa kunye nenkqubo eqhubekayo.UWoolmark unelungelo elilodwa lomenzi weteknoloji yengqondo yokubona (SPT) eyongeza ivumba emalaphuni.Inkampani yase-US iNanoHorizons 'SmartSilver yitekhnoloji ekhokelayo ekuboneleleni ngokuchasa ivumba kunye nokhuseleko lokuchasa iintsholongwane kwimicu yendalo kunye neyokwenziwa kunye namalaphu.Izigulana zokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo eNtshona zipholiswa kwintente evuthelwayo ngexesha lotyando ukunciphisa umngcipheko westroke ngokwehlisa ubushushu bomzimba.Ibhandeji elitsha lendalo lenziwe kusetyenziswa i-plasma protein fibrinogen.Ekubeni lenziwe ngehlwili legazi lomntu, i-bandage ayifuni kususwa.Inyibilika eluswini ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphilisa.15
ITekhnoloji yoMvo yoluvo (SPT)
Le teknoloji ibamba iziqholo, i-essces kunye nezinye iziphumo kwii-micro-capsules ezincanyathiselwe emalaphu.Ezi capsules ezincinci zizikhongozeli ezincinci ezinokhuselo lwepolymer okanye iqokobhe le-melamine eligada iziqulatho ukusuka ku-evaporation, i-oxidation kunye nokungcoliswa.Xa kusetyenziswa la malaphu, ezinye zezi capsules ziyaqhekeka, zikhuphe okungaphakathi.
Microencapsulation
Yinkqubo elula equka i-encapsulating liquid okanye izinto eziqinileyo kwii-micro spheres ezitywiniweyo (0.5-2,000 microns).Ezi microcapsules zikhulula ngokuthe ngcembe ii-agent ezisebenzayo ngokuxubha okulula ngoomatshini okuqhekeza i-membrane.Ezi zisetyenziswa kwideodorants, izinto zokuthambisa, iidayi, izithambisi zelaphu kunye nezithambisi zomlilo.
I-Electronic Textiles
Izinto zombane ezinxitywayo ezifana nale bhatyi ye-ICD yakwaPhilips noLevi, ineselfowuni eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nesidlali seMP3, isebenza kwiibhetri.Isinxibo esifakwe kwitekhnoloji asiyonto intsha, kodwa ukuqhubela phambili ngokuqhubekayo kwilaphu elilukiweyo lizenza zibe nokwenzeka ngakumbi, zinqweneleke kwaye zisebenziseke xa zisetyenziswa.Iingcingo zithungelwa kwilaphu ukudibanisa izixhobo kwi-remote control kwaye imakrofoni ifakwe kwikhola.Abanye abavelisi abaninzi kamva beza namalaphu akrelekrele afihla zonke iingcingo.
Ihempe yomgama omde yayiyenye into entsha enomdla kakhulu.Le ngqikelelo ye-e-textile isebenza ngendlela yokuba xa umntu ezigona isikipa sikhazimle.Yaphawulwa njengenye yezinto eziveliswayo ezinomdla ngo-2006. Inika umntu oyinxibileyo imvakalelo yokuwolwa.
Xa i-hug ithunyelwa njengomyalezo okanye ngebluetooth, abenzi boluvo basabela kuyo ngokudala ukufudumala, ukubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokugonwa ngumntu obonakalayo ngokwenyani.Le shirt iyakwazi ukuhlanjwa nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukungahoyi.Enye into eqanjiweyo, i-Elextex iqulethe i-lamination yeeleya ezintlanu zokuqhuba kunye ne-insulating textiles eyenza i-sensor yelaphu lonke (1 cm2 okanye 1 mm2).Inokuthungwa, isongwe kwaye ihlanjwe.19-24 Konke oku kusinceda ukuba siqonde indlela izinto zombane nezilukiweyo ezinokudityaniswa ngayo ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
Eli nqaku alizange lihlelwe ngabasebenzi be-XiangYu Garment licatshulwe kulo https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/tech-textile-innovations-8356
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-11-2022